The word schizophrenia derives from Latin and literally means a “split or fragmented mind.” Contrary to popular opinion, it does not mean a split personality: this is a separate condition altogether known as dissociative identity disorder and is not related to schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is often misunderstood, it is a disorder that affects a person’s ability to think, feel and behave clearly.
The exact cause of schizophrenia isn’t known, but a combination of genetics, environment and altered brain chemistry and structure may play a role. Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that affects less than one percent of the U.S. population.
This disorder is characterized by thoughts or experiences that seem out of touch with reality, disorganized speech or behavior and decreased participation in daily activities. Difficulty with concentration and memory may also be present.
Treatment is usually lifelong and often involves a combination of medications, psychotherapy and coordinated specialty care services.
In some people, schizophrenia appears suddenly and without warning. But for most, it comes on slowly with subtle warning signs and a gradual decline in functioning long before the first severe episode.
Often, friends or family members will know early on that something is wrong, without knowing exactly what.
In this early phase of schizophrenia, one may seem eccentric, unmotivated, emotionless and reclusive to others. One may start to isolate oneself, begin neglecting one’s appearance, say peculiar things and show a general indifference to life. One may abandon hobbies and activities, and one’s performance at work or school can deteriorate.
There are five types of symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and the so-called “negative” symptoms. However, the symptoms of schizophrenia vary dramatically from person to person, both in pattern and severity.
Not every person with schizophrenia will have all the symptoms, and the symptoms of schizophrenia may also change over time.
As upsetting as a diagnosis of schizophrenia can be, ignoring the problem won’t make it go away. Beginning treatment as soon as possible with an experienced mental health professional is crucial to your recovery.
At the same time, it’s important not to buy into the stigma associated with schizophrenia or the myth that you can’t get better. A diagnosis of schizophrenia is not a life-sentence of ever-worsening symptoms and recurring hospitalizations.
With the right treatment and self-help, many people with schizophrenia can regain normal functioning and even become symptom-free. The most effective treatment strategy for schizophrenia involves a combination of medication, therapy, lifestyle changes and social support.
Christina Martinez, LCSW, is the Program Manager of the Los Banos Clinic of Merced County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services, located at 40 W. G. St., Suite C, in Los Banos.
